|
''Nadezhda'' (or ''Nadeshda'', or ''Nadeshada'' ) was a three-masted sloop, the ex-British merchantman ''Leander'', launched in 1799. Private Russian parties purchased her in 1802 for the first Russian circumnavigation of the world (1803-1806), and renamed her. Although it is common to see references to the "frigate ''Nadezhda''", she was a sloop, not a frigate, and she was never a warship. After her voyage of exploration she served as a merchant vessel for her owner, the Russian-American Company, and was lost in 1808. ==Career== ;British merchant vessel ''Leander'' was launched in London in late 1799 as a c.430-ton (bm) merchant sloop. On 3 December 1799 her master, C. Anderson, received a letter of marque.〔Letter of Marque,() - accessed 14 May 2011.〕 The 1800 and 1801 editions of ''Lloyd's Register'' showed her launch year as 1799, Anderson as her master, T. Huggins as her owner, and her trade as London-Africa. A later notation to the 1801 ''Lloyd's Register'' showed O.Brown as master, P. Campbell as owner, and her trade as Grenada.〔 ;Russian exploration ship In 1802 Yuri Fydorovich Lisyansky purchased ''Leander'' and another merchantman, ''Thames'', for his planned voyage of exploration. The two vessels together cost £17,000, with an additional expense of £5,000 for repairs.〔Fisher and Johnston (2011), pp.99-100.〕 The two vessels left England for the Baltic in May 1803, docking at Kronstadt on 5 June.〔Barratt (1987).〕 There the Russians renamed ''Leander'' to ''Nadezhda'' and ''Thames'' to ''Neva''. Czar Alexander 1 chose their names, but the two vessels were never part of the Russian navy. The two ships took part in the first Russian circumnavigation of the world, with ''Nadezhda'' serving as Admiral Krusenstern's flagship.〔Barratt (1988).〕 The expedition failed, however, to achieve two of its main goals, to establish diplomatic relations with Japan, and to secure trading rights to Canton.〔 Krusenstern and Captain Yury Nevelskoy of ''Neva'' prepared for the voyage by first serving with the British Royal Navy from 1793 to 1799 to build their naval skills.〔 ''Nadezhda'' had a 58-member crew and carried 16 guns.〔 She apparently sailed under the auspices of the Russian-American Company (RAC). As part of her circumnavigation she delivered RAC cargo to Kamchatka, and the first Russian embassy under Nikolai Rezanov to Japan.〔 Another passenger was the nobleman and adventurer Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy. He managed so to annoy captain and crew that Krusenstern finally left him at Kamchatka. ''Nadezhda'' and ''Neva'' left Kronstadt on 7 August 1803. They sailed down the Baltic Sea, across the Atlantic Ocean, and past the Canary Islands and Brazil. After this they rounded Cape Horn and set across the Pacific Ocean, making stops at the Marquesas, the Aleutian Islands, and the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands, and also at Kamchatka. They then separated at the Sandwich Islands. ''Nadezhda'' sailed to Japan to deliver the Russian ambassador, while ''Neva'' went on to visit the Russian settlements on the north-west coast of America.〔Adams (1832), p.205.〕 One passenger aboard ''Nadezhda'' was Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, who between 1819 and 1821 would lead a second Russian circumnavigation of the world. In 1805, the Swiss Johann Caspar Horner and the Prussian Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff, two scientists traveling on ''Nadezhda'', made a hot air balloon out of Japanese paper (washi) to demonstrate the new technology to some 30 Japanese delegates.〔Ivan Federovich Kruzenshtern. "Voyage round the world in the years 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806, on orders of his Imperial Majesty Alexander the First, on the vessels Nadezhda and Neva".〕 After visiting Japan, ''Nadezhda'' sailed to China and Macao. ''Nadezhda'' and ''Neva'' briefly reunited, then ''Nadezhda'' rounded Africa and came back across the Baltic Sea to Kronstadt, arriving 19 August 1806. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nadezhda (1802 Russian ship)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|